Psychology Notes Essay Example for Free

Psychology Notes Essay 1) Four big ideas in psychology: a. Critical thinking is smart thinking b. Behavior is a bio psychosocial event c. We operate with a two-track mind (Dual processing) d. Psychology explores human strengths as well as challenges 2) Why do psychology? e. The limits of intuition and common sense i. Enough to bring forth answers regarding human nature. ii. May aid queries, but are not free of error. iii. Hindsight Bias: the â€Å"I-knew-it-all-along† phenomenon. 1. After learning the outcome of an event, many people believe they could have predicted that very outcome. iv. Overconfidence: thinking you know more than what you actually know. f. The scientific attitude v. Composed of curiosity, skepticism, and humility. vi. Curiosity: passion for exploration. vii. Skepticism: doubting and questioning. viii. Humility: ability to accept responsibility when wrong. g. The science of psychology helps make these examined conclusions, which leads to our understanding of how people feel, think, and act as they do. 3) How do psychologists ask and answer questions? h. The scientific method ix. Construct theories that organize, summarize and simplify observations. x. Theory: an explanation that integrates principles and organizes and predicts behavior or events. (Example: low self-esteem contributes to depression). xi. Hypothesis: a testable prediction, often promoted by a theory, to enable us to accept, reject or revise the theory. (Example: people with low self-esteem are apt to feel more depressed). xii. Research: to administer tests of self-esteem and depression. (Example: people who score low on a self-esteem test and high on a depression test would confirm the hypothesis). i. Description xiii. Basic purpose: to observe and record behavior. xiv. How conducted: do case studies, surveys, or naturalistic observations. xv. Weaknesses: No control of variables; single cases may be misleading. xvi. Case Study: a technique in which one person is studied in depth to reveal underlying behavioral principles. xvii. Survey: a technique for ascertaining the self-reported attitudes, opinions or behaviors of people usually done by questioning a representative, random sample of people. xviii. Wording can change the results of a survey xix. Random Sampling: when each member of a population has an equal chance of inclusions into a sample (unbiased). 2. If the survey sample is biased, its results are not valid. xx. Naturalistic Observation: observing and recording the behavior of animals in the wild and recording self-seating patterns in a multiracial school lunchroom constitute naturalistic observation. j. Correlation xxi. Basic purpose: to detect naturally occurring relationships; to assess how well one variable predicts another. xxii. How conducted: compute statistical association, sometimes among survey responses. xxiii. Weaknesses: does not specify cause and effect. xxiv. When one trait or behavior accompanies another. xxv. Correlation Coefficient: a statistical measure of the relationship between two variables. 3. Example: R = + 0.37 a. R is the correlation coefficient b. + is the direction of relationship (either + or ) c. 0.37 indicates the strength of relationship xxvi. Correlation DOES NOT mean causation. 4. Examples: d. Low self-esteem could cause depression e. Depression could cause low self-esteem f. Distressing events or biological predisposition could cause low self-esteem and depression. xxvii. Illusory Correlation: the perception of a relationship where no relationship actually exists. (Example: parents conceive children after adoption). xxviii. Order in Random Events: 5. Given random data, we look for order and meaningful patterns. 6. Given large numbers of random outcomes, a few are likely to express order. k. Experimentation xxix. Basic purpose: to explore cause and effect. xxx. How conducted: manipulate one or more factors; use random assignment. xxxi. What is manipulated: the independent variable(s). xxxii. Weaknesses: sometimes not feasible; results may not generalize to other contexts; not ethical to manipulate certain variables. xxxiii. The backbone of psychological research 7. Effects generated by manipulated factors isolate cause and effect relationships. xxxiv. Double-blind Procedure: in evaluating drug therapies, patients and experimenter’s assistants should remain unaware of which patients had the real treatment and which patients had the placebo treatment. xxxv. Random Assignment: assigning participants to experimental and control conditions, by random assignment, minimizes pre-existing differences between the two groups. xxxvi. Independent Variable: a factor manipulated by the experimenter. 8. The effect of the independent variable is the focus of the study 9. Example: when examining the effects of breast-feeding upon intelligence, breast-feeding is the independent variable. xxxvii. Dependent Variable: a factor that may change in response to an independent variable. 10. Usually a behavior or a mental process. 11. Example: in the study of the effect of breast-feeding upon intelligence, intelligence is the dependent variable. 4) Aristotle l. 384-322 B.C. m. Naturalist and philosopher n. Theorized about psychology’s concepts o. Suggested that the soul and body are not separate and that knowledge grows from experience. p. â€Å"The soul is not separable from the body, and the same holds good of particular parts of the soul.† -Aristotle 5) Wundt q. 1832-1920 r. Studied the â€Å"atoms of the mind† s. Experiments at Leipzig, Germany, in 1879, which is considered the birth of psychology. 6) William James t. 1842-1910 u. American philosopher v. Wrote psychology textbook in 1890 w. James’s student, Mary Calkins, became the APA’s first female president xxxviii. She was not able to attain her PhD from Harvard. 7) Sigmund Freud x. 1856-1939 y. Austrian physician z. Emphasized the importance of the unconscious mind and its effects on human behavior. 8) Psychology {. Originated in many disciplines and countries |. Defined as the science of mental life until the 1920s. }. 1920-1960: psychology was heavily oriented towards behaviorism. ~. Psychology: the scientific study of behavior and mental processes. 9) Pavlov, Watson and Skinner . Watson: 1878-1958 . Skinner: 1904-1990 . Emphasized the study of overt behavior as the subject matter of scientific psychology instead of mind or mental thoughts. . â€Å"Anything seems commonplace, once explained.† -Watson 10) Maslow and Rogers . Maslow: 1908-1970 . Rogers: 1902-1987 . Emphasized current environmental influences on our growth potential and our need for love and acceptance. 11) The American Psychological Association (APA) . The largest organization of psychology . 160,000 members world-wide . Followed by the British Psychological Society with 34,000 members. 12) Current perspectives . Neuroscience: how the body and brain enables emotions xxxix. How are messages transmitted in the body? How is blood chemistry linked with moods and motives? . Evolutionary: how the natural selection of traits promotes the perpetuation on one’s genes. xl. How does evolution influence behavior tendencies? . Behavior genetics: how much our genes and our environments influence our individual differences xli. To what extent are psychological traits such as intelligence, personality, sexual orientation, and vulnerability to depression attributable to our genes? To our environment? . Psychodynamic: how behavior springs from unconscious drives and conflicts. xlii. How can someone’s personality traits and disorders be explained in terms of sexual and aggressive drives or as disguised effects of unfulfilled wishes and childhood traumas? . Behavioral: how we learn observable responses. xliii. How do we learn to fear particular objects or situations? What is the most effective way to alter our behavior, say to lose weight or quit smoking? . Cognitive: how we encode, process, store and retrieve information xliv. How do we use information in remembering? Reasoning? Problem solving? . Social-cultural: how behavior and thinking vary across situations and cultures. xlv. How are we- as Africans, Asians, Australians or north Americans- alike as members of human family? As products of different environmental contexts, how do we differ? 13) Psychology’s subfields . Biological: explore the links between brain and mind. . Developmental: study-changing abilities from womb to tomb. . Cognitive: study how we perceive, think, and solve problems. . Personality: investigate our persistent traits. . Social: explore how we view and affect one another . Clinical: studies, assesses, and treats people with psychological disorders. . Counseling: helps people cope with academic, vocational, and marital challenges. . Educational: studies and helps individuals in school and educational settings. . Industrial/Organizational: studies and advises on behavior in the workplace. 14) Clinical vs. Psychiatry . Clinical Psychologist: (Ph.D.) studies, assesses, and treats troubled people with psychotherapy. . Psychiatrists: (M.D.) medical professionals who use treatments like drugs and psychotherapy to treat psychologically diseased patients. 15) Three main levels of analysis

Does The Pattern Fit? Essay -- essays research papers

Does the Pattern Fit? It has been said that Shakespeare follows a pattern when writing his tragedies that consists of eleven distinct steps. These steps explain how Shakespeare organized his works from beginning to end. There are, however, slight variations from play to play. The question is, does this pattern fit the tragedy of Hamlet? Shakespeare’s play The Tragedy of Hamlet, Prince of Denmark does fits the mentioned pattern. The first step is establishing the enveloping situation and the environment or world in which the action takes place. The atmosphere frequently involves or is accompanied by supernatural occurrences. Within the first couple of lines, it is evident that the story involves royalty. â€Å"Long live the King!† (A I, SI, L3) There is conversation among the guards involving a strange, recent occurrence. They have seen a ghost and are wondering if it will return. The very moment they are discussing it is the very moment that it appears to them again. â€Å"How now, Horatio? You tremble and look pale. Is not this something more than fantasy? What think you on’t?† â€Å"Before my God, I might not this believe without the sensible and true avouch of mine own eyes.† (AI, Si, L64-69) This is where the supernatural occurrence is presented. It is thought by the guards to be the ghost of the newly dead king, Hamlet’s father. The next step, which is the establishment of the political realm, comes directly after. Focusing on the main characters that will have an important part in t...

Hrm 352

Question 1 0 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they can be more cost effective Question 2 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 3 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 4 0 out of 1 points The method of providing a variety of work experiences to broaden the knowledge and understanding required to manage more effectively is known as: Answer Selected Answer: individual development. Question 5 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 6 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 7 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 8 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 9 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: appraisal and technical Question 1 1 out of 1 points When we learn by watching others perform a task, this is known as: Answer Selected Answer: modeling Question 2 1 out of 1 points _________ refers to the effective application of principles learned to what is required on the job. Answer Selected Answer: transfer of training Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the absence of well-defined job performance criteria. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The method of training used to train personnel to operate aircraft, spacecraft, and other highly technical and expensive equipment is the: Answer Selected Answer: simulation method. Question 5 1 out of 1 points Apprenticeship training provides information in both the ________ and ________ aspects of the job. Answer Selected Answer: practical and theoretical Question 6 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Learning curves show: Answer Selected Answer: that performance plateaus are natural and are usually followed by spontaneous recovery Question 8 1 out of 1 points To implement a successful diversity training program, managers should do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: rely upon existing training programs that have worked for other companies. Question 9 0 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: establish the baseline standard against which training effectiveness can be measured Question 10 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: hey replace conventional learning experiences Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:37:25 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Which type of training allows students to get real-world experience in organizations while still receiving college credit? Answer Selected Answer: internships Question 2 1 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a benefit of orientation programs? Answer Selected Answer: more comprehensive task analysis Question 3 1 out of 1 points The four phases of a systems approach to training are: Answer Selected Answer: needs assessment, program design, program implementation, and evaluation. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 0 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, train, perform, evaluate Question 6 1 out of 1 points Computer-based training and E-learning provide all the following benefits except: Answer Selected Answer: they replace conventional learning experiences Question 7 1 out of 1 points Goal setting: Answer Selected Answer: sets a road map for the training course, objectives, and learning points Question 8 1 out of 1 points All of the following are characteristics of successful trainers except: Answer Selected Answer: being experimental. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Determining whether or not performance is acceptable and studying the characteristics of individuals and groups that will be placed in the training environment are known as: Answer Selected Answer: group and individual analysis. Question 10 1 out of 1 points The primary reason organizations train new employees is to: Answer Selected Answer: increase their knowledge, skill, and ability level. Question 1 1 out of 1 points The most common method used for training non-managerial employees is: Answer Selected Answer: on-the-job training Question 2 1 out of 1 points The four step process advocated in benchmarking includes: Answer Selected Answer: plan, do, check, act Question 3 0 out of 1 points Common drawbacks to on-the-job training include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: poor training skills of supervisors. Question 4 1 out of 1 points A manager who provides a continuing flow of instructions, comments, and suggestions to the subordinate is engaging in what type of on-thejob training? Answer Selected Answer: coaching Question 5 out of 1 points The principle of learning that is being emphasized by performing the same task over and over is: Answer Selected Answer: practice and repetition. Question 6 1 out of 1 points ___________ training allows for the maximum number of employees to by handled by the minimum number of instructors Answer Selected Answer: classroom instruction Question 7 1 out of 1 points A control group: Answer Selected Answer: helps determine whether improvements were made as the result of training or some other factor Question 8 1 out of 1 points This training method consists of having the trainee assume the attitudes and behavior of others. Answer Selected Answer: role playing Question 9 0 out of 1 points The desired outcomes of training programs are formally stated as: Answer Selected Answer: learning objectives. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Periods in learning situations when progress does not occur because of either reduced motivation or ineffective methods of task performance are called: Answer Selected Answer: plateaus. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:43:30 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: the frequency of overtime. Question 2 0 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: lateral move. Question 3 0 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: establish succession plans Question 4 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: the career network. Question 5 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: positions in service industries. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: management development program. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: giving an increased understanding of the organization. Question 8 1 out of 1 points The lines of advancement for an individual within an organization are known as: Answer Selected Answer: career paths. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goals. Question 1 0 out of 1 points An informal network of interpersonal relationships that has traditionally provided a means for senior members of the organization to pass along career tips to junior members is: Answer Selected Answer: a mentoring network. Question 2 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Which of the following is NOT a popular method that managers use to help employees identify their potential and the strength of their interests? Answer Selected Answer: informal counseling Question 5 1 out of 1 points The three principal criteria for determining promotions are: Answer Selected Answer: merit, seniority, and potential. Question 6 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: number of hours worked each week. Question 7 1 out of 1 points HR's role in gauging employee potential for career development includes all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: create employee's promotion plan Question 8 0 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: nonmanagement positions. Question 9 0 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: a promotion policy. Question 10 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:50:37 AM CST Question 1 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: pre-career. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 3 1 out of 1 points Services provided to terminated employees to help them find new jobs are referred to as: Answer Selected Answer: outplacement services. Question 4 1 out of 1 points The advancement of women in management: Answer Selected Answer: is likely to be helped by the advancement of younger men because of their more progressive attitudes toward women. Question 5 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 7 1 out of 1 points For what reason should a person seeking a mentor research the potential mentor's background? Answer Selected Answer: so that it will be easier for both of you to establish a relationship Question 8 1 out of 1 points The placement of an employee in another job for which the duties, responsibilities, status, and remuneration are approximately equal to those of the previous job is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: transfer. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Services that are offered to employees who are being transferred to different locations are known as: Answer Selected Answer: relocation services. Question 10 0 out of 1 points Work-related sources of conflict include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: irregularity in working hours. Sunday, November 18, 2012 8:53:32 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points Employability refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the skills and support needed to find a job Question 2 0 out of 1 points The career stage one would typically be in during his or her early 20s would be: Answer Selected Answer: early career. Question 3 out of 1 points Over the past decade, the percentage of women in all management positions has increased to slightly over ____________ percent. Answer Selected Answer: 35 Question 4 1 out of 1 points The usual targets of assessment centers are: Answer Selected Answer: management positions. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Career development programs benefit organizations in all of the following ways except: Answer Selected Answer: providing greater retention of valued employees. Question 6 1 out of 1 points Outplacement services are: Answer Selected Answer: designed to help terminated employees find a job elsewhere. Question 7 0 out of 1 points A program that provides for a relatively rapid progression through a number of managerial positions is known as a: Answer Selected Answer: career advancement program. Question 8 1 out of 1 points While a career development program requires special processes and techniques, a basic requirement is: Answer Selected Answer: management support. Question 9 0 out of 1 points Under a good mentor, learning focuses on all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: opportunities. Question 10 1 out of 1 points In making a career choice, one should probably: Answer Selected Answer: all of the above Question 1 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 2 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 3 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 4 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: ndividuals tend to maintain a certain level of performance over time. Question 5 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 6 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 7 0 out of 1 points When the manager and the employee jointly establish future performance goals for each employee, which appraisal source is useful? Answer Selected Answer: team appraisal Question 8 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: documenting personnel decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: mixed-standard scale Question 10 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 1 1 out of 1 points If a performance standard is found to be stable or consistent over time, it is said to be: Answer Selected Answer: reliable. Question 2 0 out of 1 points Time consuming to develop and use, but have less subjectivity and more acceptance characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: trait method Question 3 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 4 1 out of 1 points TQM and team appraisal are complementary because: Answer Selected Answer: both focus on performance as a whole, rather than on the individual Question 5 0 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: determining promotion candidates Question 6 0 out of 1 points Freedom from criterion deficiency of performance appraisals refers to the extent to which: Answer Selected Answer: factors outside the employee's control can influence performance. Question 7 0 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and peer performance appraisals. Question 8 1 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: ontrast error. Question 9 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 10 0 out of 1 points High potential for rating errors, but inexpensive to develop and use characterize which type of appraisal method? Answer Selected Answer: behavioral method Question 1 0 out of 1 points Which method of performance appraisal requires managers to place a certain percentage of employees into various performance categories? Answer Selected Answer: percent method Question 2 0 out of 1 points The appraisal system based on the concept that learning helps organizations improve their internal processes and allows individuals to see how their performance ties in with the firm is: Answer Selected Answer: management by objectives Question 3 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: goal statements must be accompanied by descriptions of how they will be accomplished. Question 4 1 out of 1 points Total-quality management concerns have led to the increased use of: Answer Selected Answer: team and customer performance appraisals. Question 5 out of 1 points If you rate an average employee's performance high because you compared the employee to poor performers, you are committing a: Answer Selected Answer: contrast error. Question 6 1 out of 1 points The choice of an appraisal method should be largely based on: Answer Selected Answer: the purpose of the appraisal. Question 7 1 out of 1 points Self-appraisals are best for: Answer Selected Answer: developmental purposes. Question 8 1 out of 1 points In most instances, who is in the best position to perform the function of appraising an employee's performance? Answer Selected Answer: the employee's supervisor Question 9 1 out of 1 points The strategic relevance of performance appraisals refers to: Answer Selected Answer: the extent to which standards relate to the overall objectives of the organization. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Sunday, November 18, 2012 9:06:30 AM CST Question 1 1 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that salespeople receive are based solely on sales revenue to the exclusion of other important factors, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: riterion deficiency. Question 2 0 out of 1 points If the performance evaluations that delivery drivers receive are partially influenced by the fact that some drivers operate in areas where there are major traffic problems while others operate in areas with few traffic problems, the instrument suffers from: Answer Selected Answer: rater bias. Question 3 1 out of 1 points Administrative purposes of performance appraisal include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: providing performance feedback Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which of the following appraisal methods helps guard against recency error? Answer Selected Answer: critical incident Question 5 1 out of 1 points As an appraiser, you should try to do all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: change the person, not the behavior. Question 6 0 out of 1 points A performance-rating error in which the appraiser tends to give employees either unusually high or unusually low ratings is referred to as a: Answer Selected Answer: halo error Question 7 1 out of 1 points Disadvantages of the essay method include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: it must follow a jobspecific format. Question 8 1 out of 1 points Performance appraisals must meet legal requirements because: Answer Selected Answer: they are used as a basis for HRM actions and decisions Question 9 0 out of 1 points Requirements for successful MBO programs include all of the following except: Answer Selected Answer: a specific time must be set when goals are to be reviewed and evaluated. Question 10 1 out of 1 points Appraisal training for raters should focus on: Answer Selected Answer: eliminating subjective errors Question 1 1 out of 1 points Positive discipline is different from progressive discipline in that it is based on a â€Å"problem-solving† approach to discipline. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 2 0 out of 1 points Decision-making leave is typically paid leave, and eliminates the negative effects of loss of pay. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 3 1 out of 1 points In order to be effective, employee discipline must take place as soon as possible after the problem is verified. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 4 1 out of 1 points One of the goals of discipline is that it should be seen as training that molds and strengthens the desirable conduct – or corrects undesirable conduct – and develops self-control. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 5 1 out of 1 points It is important when applying either progressive or positive discipline, to maintain complete records of each step of the procedure. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 6 1 out of 1 points One of the major reasons for investigative interviews is to establish the facts surrounding an employee's offense. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 7 0 out of 1 points Documentation of employee misconduct includes stating the improvement expected by the employer. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 8 1 out of 1 points Progressive discipline results from using positive reinforcement instead of punishment. Answer Selected Answer: False Question 9 1 out of 1 points A major responsibility of the HR department is to develop, and to have top management approve, its disciplinary policies and procedures. Answer Selected Answer: True Question 10 1 out of 1 points Management's failure to communicate rules to employees is one of the major reasons for reversing disciplinary action. Answer Selected Answer: True

Wgu Paper - 1509 Words

Case Study on Ethics Jennifer Flathers Western Governors University Registered nurses have a moral and legal responsibility to uphold a patient’s rights in relation to their personal health care. An important nursing standard of practice speaks to the registered nurse acting as a patient advocate. WAC 246-840-700 section 3c states â€Å"The registered nurse†¦acts as client advocates in health maintenance and clinical care.† (Washington State Legislature, Practice Standards, 2004) The role of the registered nurse in this particular case study in relation to the above WAC is quite applicable because there is cause for concern related to Mr. E’s patient rights being violated. Mr. E, though mildly developmentally delayed, has a right to self†¦show more content†¦E being placed on a ventilator though it was in direct discordance with his wishes. Dr. K’s willingness to circumvent Mr. E’s patient rights, obtain consent from someone other than the patient himself and not even discuss the case with Mr. E’s medical power of attorney was questionable and unethical. The case study also made it clear that Dr. K did not fully inform those he was attempting to obtain consent from that Mr. E had an advance directive expressing his wishes to not be ventilated. The registered nurse had an obligation to act as an advocate for Mr. E which she did not fulfill by allowing unethical practice by the doctor. As the registered nurse caring for Mr. E, I would fight for his right to choose and make his own decisions related to his care. The ANA code of ethics clearly values this right and holds nurses to a standard of care to be advocates for said rights. This violation of Mr. E’s right to self determination calls for action on the nurse’s part. The first action would be notifying the charge nurse on duty or the DNS requesting help to honor Mr. E’s rights and if necessary climbing the hospital’s chain of command to remedy the violation. Mr. E clearly expressed his wishes to remain off of a ventilator should the need for one ever arise, both seven years ago and currently. His opinion did not change in those seven years making it quite clear that these are in fact his wishes. To place Mr. E on a ventilator is morally and ethically wrong. It is aShow MoreRelatedWgu Org Sys2Tems Paper 24487 Words   |  18 PagesOrganizational systems and Quality leadership. C489-Ta sk 2-revised version Gina Potter 000203903 Western Governor’s University January 31, 2016, 2016 The goal of this paper is to scrutinize the regrettable sentinel event of Mr. B, a sixty-seven-year-old patient who was admitted to a rural ED with left leg pain that he found unbearable. 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